Haskoy was, after Balat, the second biggest neighborhood in Istanbul. As jack de Leon pointed very well, Haskoy is the opposite district of Balat. It was on the opposite shores of the Golden Horn. There were Jewish settlements on Haskoy before the conquest, before 1453. The neighborhood was divided into Jewish districts like Abaso, Lakaye, Maalem, Kecici Pisi, Arabacilar, Kalaylibahce. There were 12 active synagogues in Haskoy in 1912, but there were more at the end of the 16th, beginning of the 17th century:
- 1 Kordova
- 2 Seritci
- 3 Asghar
- 4 Kalaycibahce
- 5 Maalem
- 6 Mizrahi
- 7 Parmakkapi
- 8 Sarayiko
- 9 Sinyora
- 10 Yeni Mahalle
- 11 Ciksali
- 12 Mayor
- 13 Mikra
- 14 Hamon
- 15 Naftali
- 16 Cosdina
Except those 16 synagogue, there is one synagogue in the Jewish elderly home in Haskoy, another one in the Darulaceze (state hospice). In 1940's most of those synagogues were closed and converted to factories or warehouses. Today only the Maalem and the Caraim Mikva synagogues are active in Haskoy. The two synagogues in the elderly homes are also active, even if they don't have a congregation. The area has also 2 cemeteries and a mausoleum belonging to Istanbul's Jewry.
The Jewish Elderly Home's synagogue
The Jewish Elderly Home called ihtiyarlar Yurdu was founded during the 1st World War help the elderly among the Russian and Polish
Jews who migrated to Istanbul. Those people came to Istanbul to escape the consequences of the war. In 1915, two women, Rozi and
Fremandi bought a house and converted it to an elderly home. The members of the nearby community were bringing food on daily basis
to the elderly. The efforts of two ladies gave its fruit and in 1961, the building used by the Haskoy Jewish school was given to the
organization. Until 1994, this building was used as the Jewish elderly home. In 1994 the restoration of the building started section
by section. In 2005 new sections were added to the old building. Instead of having dormitories, they transformed the complex so
everyone could have a double room. For those who can afford, single rooms are also available. Today there are 80 elderly between the
ages of 75 to 90 living in the home.
Like very building used an s a living space of the Istanbul Jewry, the elderly home has also a room reserved for praying. The synagogue of the home, a small room decorated as a synagogue, with an Ehal and a small Tevah was restored by the members of the Ashkenazi community the 5 February 1998. Small changes were made during the restoration work of 2005.
Darulaceze's synagogue
Darulaceze or State Hospice is a foundation who takes care of the old and homeless as well as the orphans. The decision to build a
hospice was taken by the Sultan Abdulhamid II. With the tickets they printed and auction organized, a donation of 10 thousands lira
made by the Sultan, very soon the financial needs were met. The construction of the building started on the 10 November 1892. The
building was constructed by the architect Vasilaki Yanko and coasted 58 thousands lira. The opening ceremony took place 31 August
1895, on the coronation anniversary of the Sultan Abdulhamid II. The keys to the building were presented to the Sultan by Halil
Rifat Pasa. In 1903 the children section, in 1904 the laundry were added to the complex. Today there are 20 buildings in the
complex of the Darulaceze, among them a church, a mosque and a synagogue.
The synagogue was constructed in the Darulaceze by the request of the Chief Rabbinate in 1900. The opening ceremony took place on 24 May 1903. Two Torahs were carried from the Parmakkapi synagogue to Darulaceze by a cortege of 300 people. The temple was restored in 1990 and is still active.
There also are in Haskoy two Jewish cemeteries; one Sepharads and one Caraim. The Sepharad cemetery is the oldest active cemetery in Istanbul. This cemetery has been in use for over 400 years. In time the area occupied by the cemetery has changed and became smaller. During the construction of the Halic Bridge and the highway, hundreds of graves have been moved. The Midrash of the cemetery was restored in 2005.
The second cemetery in Haskoy is the only active Caraim cemetery in Istanbul. The two cemeteries are located next to each other. The Caraim cemetery was built by the order of Sultan Mahmud II. This proves that the Sultan accepted the Caraim Jews as a minority and not as a congregation belonging to the Jewish community.
There is also a mausoleum in Haskoy's Caraim cemetery. The Kamondo mausoleum. The Kamondo were a rich Jewish family living in Istanbul. They came to Istanbul from Italy at the end of the 18th century. They played a very important role in the history of Istanbul's Jews in the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century, for political reasons the family was obliged to move to Paris.
Abraham Salomon Kamondo never forgot Istanbul, his birth city. This is why he requested in his will to be buried in Istanbul. After his death a mausoleum was constructed in the Haskoy cemetery for him and his body was brought to Istanbul and buried in this mausoleum. Unfortunately, the mausoleum is in ruins today. Abraham Salomon Kamondo was buried here in 1873 by military ceremony with the participation of the Sultan Abdulaziz. The mausoleum, constructed in an eclectic style, has also a praying room. With the construction of the Golden Horn Bridge, the mausoleum was left outside the borders of the new Haskoy cemetery and the praying room was destroyed. The building is 10 meters large, 9 meters wide and 5 meters high. Despite all the protection measures, the marble and copper pieces were stolen. The mausoleum is once more being restored in 2010.

